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Emergence of GI.6 Outbreaks in a High School in Fangshan District, Beijing, China

Received: 24 June 2018     Accepted: 7 July 2018     Published: 30 July 2018
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Abstract

[Background] An outbreak of gastroenteritis happened in a high school in Fangshan District, Beijing, China in March 2016,in which 44 students developed the symptoms of vomiting, nausea, diarrhea and abdominal pain. Epidemiological investigation, laboratory investigation and Statistical analysis were conducted to identify the agent and source of this outbreak.[Methods] A case–control study was performed to discover the factors associated with this infection. Questionnaires and clinical data from those infection-exposed people were assessed. Here an outbreak case was defined as a student who developed at least three following symptoms: diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain and nausea in 72 hours after the lunch on 2nd March., and controls were those who study or work in the school but did not have lunch on the day. Samples (Stool samples, rectal swabs and vomit samples) from infection-exposed students and controls, as well as environmental samples like food were collected to test for the existence of any suspicious bacteria or viruses. Detection of norovirus wasdone by real-time TaqMan RT-PCR and sequence analysis. Chi-square test was used to decide whether those differences could be of any statistical significance. [Results] The total number of respondents with complete data was 44. An epidemiological data combined with the epidemic curve indicated that the outbreak started initially from a point source type, and was followed by a secondary transmission. Five stool samples, three rectal swabs and one vomit sample from case group turned out to be positive for norovirus genotype I by real-time PCR, and two asymptomatic food handlers in control group were positive for NoV GI. Sequence analysis of GI positive sample confirmed that the norovirus GI.6 variant was the etiological agent of the outbreak. Comparasion between the tested results from samples of those students who had lunch in school canteen and those who did notindicates that the difference of incidence was of statistical significance (P<0.01, 95% CI:4.22-324.41). Food and environmental samples were tested to be bacteria-negative. [Conclusions] Our result suggested that the etiological agent of the outbreak was norvirus GI.6, which leads to gastroenteritis. We identified that asymptomatic infected food handlers were most likely to be the source of the outbreak. Therefore,hand hygiene practices strict adherence to regulations and access to hand washing facilities should be strengthened.

Published in Science Journal of Public Health (Volume 6, Issue 4)
DOI 10.11648/j.sjph.20180604.11
Page(s) 106-110
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Norovirus, School, Food Handler, Outbreak

References
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  • APA Style

    Liu Haibo, Shi Wengfeng. (2018). Emergence of GI.6 Outbreaks in a High School in Fangshan District, Beijing, China. Science Journal of Public Health, 6(4), 106-110. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20180604.11

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    ACS Style

    Liu Haibo; Shi Wengfeng. Emergence of GI.6 Outbreaks in a High School in Fangshan District, Beijing, China. Sci. J. Public Health 2018, 6(4), 106-110. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20180604.11

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    AMA Style

    Liu Haibo, Shi Wengfeng. Emergence of GI.6 Outbreaks in a High School in Fangshan District, Beijing, China. Sci J Public Health. 2018;6(4):106-110. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20180604.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.sjph.20180604.11,
      author = {Liu Haibo and Shi Wengfeng},
      title = {Emergence of GI.6 Outbreaks in a High School in Fangshan District, Beijing, China},
      journal = {Science Journal of Public Health},
      volume = {6},
      number = {4},
      pages = {106-110},
      doi = {10.11648/j.sjph.20180604.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20180604.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjph.20180604.11},
      abstract = {[Background] An outbreak of gastroenteritis happened in a high school in Fangshan District, Beijing, China in March 2016,in which 44 students developed the symptoms of vomiting, nausea, diarrhea and abdominal pain. Epidemiological investigation, laboratory investigation and Statistical analysis were conducted to identify the agent and source of this outbreak.[Methods] A case–control study was performed to discover the factors associated with this infection. Questionnaires and clinical data from those infection-exposed people were assessed. Here an outbreak case was defined as a student who developed at least three following symptoms: diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain and nausea in 72 hours after the lunch on 2nd March., and controls were those who study or work in the school but did not have lunch on the day. Samples (Stool samples, rectal swabs and vomit samples) from infection-exposed students and controls, as well as environmental samples like food were collected to test for the existence of any suspicious bacteria or viruses. Detection of norovirus wasdone by real-time TaqMan RT-PCR and sequence analysis. Chi-square test was used to decide whether those differences could be of any statistical significance. [Results] The total number of respondents with complete data was 44. An epidemiological data combined with the epidemic curve indicated that the outbreak started initially from a point source type, and was followed by a secondary transmission. Five stool samples, three rectal swabs and one vomit sample from case group turned out to be positive for norovirus genotype I by real-time PCR, and two asymptomatic food handlers in control group were positive for NoV GI. Sequence analysis of GI positive sample confirmed that the norovirus GI.6 variant was the etiological agent of the outbreak. Comparasion between the tested results from samples of those students who had lunch in school canteen and those who did notindicates that the difference of incidence was of statistical significance (P<0.01, 95% CI:4.22-324.41). Food and environmental samples were tested to be bacteria-negative. [Conclusions] Our result suggested that the etiological agent of the outbreak was norvirus GI.6, which leads to gastroenteritis. We identified that asymptomatic infected food handlers were most likely to be the source of the outbreak. Therefore,hand hygiene practices strict adherence to regulations and access to hand washing facilities should be strengthened.},
     year = {2018}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Emergence of GI.6 Outbreaks in a High School in Fangshan District, Beijing, China
    AU  - Liu Haibo
    AU  - Shi Wengfeng
    Y1  - 2018/07/30
    PY  - 2018
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20180604.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.sjph.20180604.11
    T2  - Science Journal of Public Health
    JF  - Science Journal of Public Health
    JO  - Science Journal of Public Health
    SP  - 106
    EP  - 110
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2328-7950
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20180604.11
    AB  - [Background] An outbreak of gastroenteritis happened in a high school in Fangshan District, Beijing, China in March 2016,in which 44 students developed the symptoms of vomiting, nausea, diarrhea and abdominal pain. Epidemiological investigation, laboratory investigation and Statistical analysis were conducted to identify the agent and source of this outbreak.[Methods] A case–control study was performed to discover the factors associated with this infection. Questionnaires and clinical data from those infection-exposed people were assessed. Here an outbreak case was defined as a student who developed at least three following symptoms: diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain and nausea in 72 hours after the lunch on 2nd March., and controls were those who study or work in the school but did not have lunch on the day. Samples (Stool samples, rectal swabs and vomit samples) from infection-exposed students and controls, as well as environmental samples like food were collected to test for the existence of any suspicious bacteria or viruses. Detection of norovirus wasdone by real-time TaqMan RT-PCR and sequence analysis. Chi-square test was used to decide whether those differences could be of any statistical significance. [Results] The total number of respondents with complete data was 44. An epidemiological data combined with the epidemic curve indicated that the outbreak started initially from a point source type, and was followed by a secondary transmission. Five stool samples, three rectal swabs and one vomit sample from case group turned out to be positive for norovirus genotype I by real-time PCR, and two asymptomatic food handlers in control group were positive for NoV GI. Sequence analysis of GI positive sample confirmed that the norovirus GI.6 variant was the etiological agent of the outbreak. Comparasion between the tested results from samples of those students who had lunch in school canteen and those who did notindicates that the difference of incidence was of statistical significance (P<0.01, 95% CI:4.22-324.41). Food and environmental samples were tested to be bacteria-negative. [Conclusions] Our result suggested that the etiological agent of the outbreak was norvirus GI.6, which leads to gastroenteritis. We identified that asymptomatic infected food handlers were most likely to be the source of the outbreak. Therefore,hand hygiene practices strict adherence to regulations and access to hand washing facilities should be strengthened.
    VL  - 6
    IS  - 4
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Microbiology Laboratory, Fangshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China

  • Microbiology Laboratory, Fangshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China

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