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Prevalence of Rotavirus in Under 5 Year Old Children Hospitalized for Acute Gastroenteritis, Swaziland, 2013 - 2014

Received: 4 May 2017     Accepted: 16 May 2017     Published: 26 July 2017
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Abstract

Background: Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe diarrhoea among children < 5 years of age worldwide. To determine the prevalence of severe rotavirus infection in children admitted with acute gastroenteritis attending Mbabane Government Referral Hospital in the Hhohho region and Raleigh Fitkin Memorial (RFM) Hospital in the Manzini Region of Swaziland, sentinel surveillance was conducted in January 2013 – December 2014. Methods: This is hospital based sentinel surveillance study. A total of 331 children under the age of five years with acute diarrhoea that were admitted to the hospitals were enrolled into the sentinel surveillance and 302 cases had stool samples tested for rotavirus antigens by enzyme immunoassay ProSpec T Rotavirus kit. The G and P genotypes were established by multiplex nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results: Rotavirus was detected in 159 (52.6%) of the 302 children with acute diarrhoea that had stool specimens collected and 108 (68%) of positive cases of rotavirus gastroenteritis were between 6-11 months of age and 91% were below the age of two years. Rotavirus infection occurred with peaks between June - August. During the 2013 – 2014 period, 146 samples were subjected for reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and genotyping assays. The most common genotypes detected in Swaziland were 82% G2P [4] in 2013 and 93% G1P [8] in 2014. Conclusion: Swaziland would benefit by introducing rotavirus vaccine and hence reduce the hospitalization burden of managing acute diarrhoea cases attributed to Rotavirus. The data from the sentinel hospitals can also be used to monitor the effectiveness of the vaccine once introduced. 1. National Reference Laboratory, Ministry of health, Swaziland- MOH 2. World Health Organization, Inter country support team for East and Southern Africa, Zimbabwe, Harare, 3. Ministry of health, Swaziland 4. World Health Organization, Swaziland 5. Mbabane Government Hospital, Swaziland 6. Raleigh Fitkin Memorial Hospital, Swaziland

Published in Science Journal of Public Health (Volume 5, Issue 4)
DOI 10.11648/j.sjph.20170504.22
Page(s) 353-358
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Diarrhoea, Rotavirus, Prevalence, Genotypes, Swaziland

References
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[13] Pursem VN, Peeroo C, Mangar T, et al. Epidemiology of rotavirus diarrhea and diversity of rotavirus strains among children less than 5 years of age with acute gastroenteritis in Mauritius; June 2008 to December 2010. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2014; 33 (Suppl 1): S49-S53.
[14] Tsolenynu E, Seheri M, Dagnra A, et al. Surveillance for rotavirus gastroenteritis in children less than 5 years of age in Togo. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2014; 33 (Suppl 1): S14-S18.
[15] World Health Organization, African rotavirus surveillance network, Manual, Congo Brazzaville, WHO, 2009.
[16] Grimwood K, Lambert SB, Milne RJ. Rotavirus infections and vaccines: burden of illness and potential impact of vaccination. pediatr drugs. 2010; 12: 235-236.
[17] Rotavirus vaccine: an update. Weekly epidemiological record/health section of the secretariat of the League of Nations. Wkly Epidemiological Rec. 2009; 84: 533 – 540.
[18] Rodrigues A, de Varvalho M, Monteiro S etal. Hospital surveillance of rotavirus infection and nosocomial transmission of rotavirus disease among children in Guinea-Bissau. Paediatrics Infect Dis J. 2007; 26; 233 – 237.
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    Gugu Maphalala, Goitom Weldegebriel, Nomcebo Phungwayo, Eunice Ruhinda, Njabulo Lukhele, et al. (2017). Prevalence of Rotavirus in Under 5 Year Old Children Hospitalized for Acute Gastroenteritis, Swaziland, 2013 - 2014. Science Journal of Public Health, 5(4), 353-358. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20170504.22

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    ACS Style

    Gugu Maphalala; Goitom Weldegebriel; Nomcebo Phungwayo; Eunice Ruhinda; Njabulo Lukhele, et al. Prevalence of Rotavirus in Under 5 Year Old Children Hospitalized for Acute Gastroenteritis, Swaziland, 2013 - 2014. Sci. J. Public Health 2017, 5(4), 353-358. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20170504.22

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    AMA Style

    Gugu Maphalala, Goitom Weldegebriel, Nomcebo Phungwayo, Eunice Ruhinda, Njabulo Lukhele, et al. Prevalence of Rotavirus in Under 5 Year Old Children Hospitalized for Acute Gastroenteritis, Swaziland, 2013 - 2014. Sci J Public Health. 2017;5(4):353-358. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20170504.22

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  • @article{10.11648/j.sjph.20170504.22,
      author = {Gugu Maphalala and Goitom Weldegebriel and Nomcebo Phungwayo and Eunice Ruhinda and Njabulo Lukhele and Getahun Tsegaye and Gilbert Masona and Nomsa Nomcebo Dube and Nonhlanhla Dlamini and Angel Dlamini and Philile Shabangu and Lonkululeko Khumalo},
      title = {Prevalence of Rotavirus in Under 5 Year Old Children Hospitalized for Acute Gastroenteritis, Swaziland, 2013 - 2014},
      journal = {Science Journal of Public Health},
      volume = {5},
      number = {4},
      pages = {353-358},
      doi = {10.11648/j.sjph.20170504.22},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20170504.22},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjph.20170504.22},
      abstract = {Background: Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe diarrhoea among children Methods: This is hospital based sentinel surveillance study. A total of 331 children under the age of five years with acute diarrhoea that were admitted to the hospitals were enrolled into the sentinel surveillance and 302 cases had stool samples tested for rotavirus antigens by enzyme immunoassay ProSpec T Rotavirus kit. The G and P genotypes were established by multiplex nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results: Rotavirus was detected in 159 (52.6%) of the 302 children with acute diarrhoea that had stool specimens collected and 108 (68%) of positive cases of rotavirus gastroenteritis were between 6-11 months of age and 91% were below the age of two years. Rotavirus infection occurred with peaks between June - August. During the 2013 – 2014 period, 146 samples were subjected for reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and genotyping assays. The most common genotypes detected in Swaziland were 82% G2P [4] in 2013 and 93% G1P [8] in 2014. Conclusion: Swaziland would benefit by introducing rotavirus vaccine and hence reduce the hospitalization burden of managing acute diarrhoea cases attributed to Rotavirus. The data from the sentinel hospitals can also be used to monitor the effectiveness of the vaccine once introduced. 1. National Reference Laboratory, Ministry of health, Swaziland- MOH 2. World Health Organization, Inter country support team for East and Southern Africa, Zimbabwe, Harare, 3. Ministry of health, Swaziland 4. World Health Organization, Swaziland 5. Mbabane Government Hospital, Swaziland 6. Raleigh Fitkin Memorial Hospital, Swaziland},
     year = {2017}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Prevalence of Rotavirus in Under 5 Year Old Children Hospitalized for Acute Gastroenteritis, Swaziland, 2013 - 2014
    AU  - Gugu Maphalala
    AU  - Goitom Weldegebriel
    AU  - Nomcebo Phungwayo
    AU  - Eunice Ruhinda
    AU  - Njabulo Lukhele
    AU  - Getahun Tsegaye
    AU  - Gilbert Masona
    AU  - Nomsa Nomcebo Dube
    AU  - Nonhlanhla Dlamini
    AU  - Angel Dlamini
    AU  - Philile Shabangu
    AU  - Lonkululeko Khumalo
    Y1  - 2017/07/26
    PY  - 2017
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20170504.22
    DO  - 10.11648/j.sjph.20170504.22
    T2  - Science Journal of Public Health
    JF  - Science Journal of Public Health
    JO  - Science Journal of Public Health
    SP  - 353
    EP  - 358
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2328-7950
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20170504.22
    AB  - Background: Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe diarrhoea among children Methods: This is hospital based sentinel surveillance study. A total of 331 children under the age of five years with acute diarrhoea that were admitted to the hospitals were enrolled into the sentinel surveillance and 302 cases had stool samples tested for rotavirus antigens by enzyme immunoassay ProSpec T Rotavirus kit. The G and P genotypes were established by multiplex nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results: Rotavirus was detected in 159 (52.6%) of the 302 children with acute diarrhoea that had stool specimens collected and 108 (68%) of positive cases of rotavirus gastroenteritis were between 6-11 months of age and 91% were below the age of two years. Rotavirus infection occurred with peaks between June - August. During the 2013 – 2014 period, 146 samples were subjected for reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and genotyping assays. The most common genotypes detected in Swaziland were 82% G2P [4] in 2013 and 93% G1P [8] in 2014. Conclusion: Swaziland would benefit by introducing rotavirus vaccine and hence reduce the hospitalization burden of managing acute diarrhoea cases attributed to Rotavirus. The data from the sentinel hospitals can also be used to monitor the effectiveness of the vaccine once introduced. 1. National Reference Laboratory, Ministry of health, Swaziland- MOH 2. World Health Organization, Inter country support team for East and Southern Africa, Zimbabwe, Harare, 3. Ministry of health, Swaziland 4. World Health Organization, Swaziland 5. Mbabane Government Hospital, Swaziland 6. Raleigh Fitkin Memorial Hospital, Swaziland
    VL  - 5
    IS  - 4
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • National Reference Laboratory, Swaziland Health Laboratory Services, Mbabane, Swaziland

  • World Health Organization, Inter country support team for East and Southern Africa, Zimbabwe, Harare

  • National Reference Laboratory, Swaziland Health Laboratory Services, Mbabane, Swaziland

  • Mbabane Government Hospital, Mbabane, Swaziland

  • Mbabane Government Hospital, Mbabane, Swaziland

  • Raleigh Fitkin Memorial Hospital, Manzini, Swaziland

  • Raleigh Fitkin Memorial Hospital, Manzini, Swaziland

  • Ministry of Health, EPI, Mbabane, Swaziland

  • Ministry of Health, EPI, Mbabane, Swaziland

  • Ministry of Health, EPI, Mbabane, Swaziland

  • World Health Organization, Mbabane, Swaziland

  • World Health Organization, Mbabane, Swaziland

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