| Peer-Reviewed

Extent and Severity of Caries Among 12 year-old Students in an Endemic Fluorosis Area in Senegal

Received: 11 December 2015     Accepted: 23 December 2015     Published: 4 January 2016
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

The aim of this study was to measure the extent and severity of caries among 12 year-old students in an endemic fluorosis area of Senegal. This was a descriptive and cross sectional study covering 253 elementary school students aged 12 years and attending public, confessional and Franco-Arab schools in the city of Kaolack (Senegal). These students were in grades 4 or 5 and obtained parental permission to participate in the survey. They were selected through a cluster sampling; twenty two clusters were drawn at random. The socio-demographic information, the caries prevalence, the DMFteeth (DMFt) index and the degree of fluorosis were collected. The data was analysed using Epi info with a significance level of 5%. Girls constituted 54.2% of the sample; students in public schools were 46.8% and those in confessional schools were 31.23%. The prevalence of dental caries was 28.1%; the DMFt mean was 0.52 (sd 0.41), while 90.5% of the school population were affected by fluorosis. The prevalence of caries was significantly higher in the Franco-Arab schools than in confessional and public schools with a p-value = 0.0105. The caries prevalence and the mean DMFt remain relatively low in an area where 9/10 of the school population were affected by fluorosis. Prevention programs based on inequalities related to the types of schools are an efficient strategy to fight dental caries in the city of Kaolack.

Published in Science Journal of Public Health (Volume 3, Issue 6)
DOI 10.11648/j.sjph.20150306.24
Page(s) 883-887
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Dental Caries, Dental Fluorosis, 12 Year-Old Student, Senegal

References
[1] WHO. Oral Health. Fact Sheet 2007; 318.
[2] Grewal H, Verma M, Kumar A. Prevalence of dental caries and treatment needs in the rural child population of Nainital District, Uttaranchal. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2009; 27: 224-226.
[3] Al-Sharbati MM, Meidan TM, Sudani O. Oral health practices and dental caries among Libyan pupils, Benghazi (1993-94). East Mediterr Health J. 2000; 6: 997- 1004
[4] Yao KJ, N’da NA, Koffi NM. Prevalence of dental caries in schools in the north west of Ivory Coast. Med. trop. 2001; 61: 148-152.
[5] Sembene M, Kane AW, Bourgeois D. Caries prevalence in 12 years-old schoolchildren in 1989 and 1994. Int Dent J 1999; 49: 73-75.
[6] Vrbic, V. Reasons for the caries decline in Slovenia. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2000; 28: 126-132.
[7] Dargent-Pare C, W M, Brafman J, Letrait S, Boissonnat V, Espie J. Prevalence of dental caries in children before and after a prevention program in Seine-Saint-Denis. Rev d'épidémiol santé publique. 1999; 47: 19-28.
[8] Demertzi A, Topitsoglou V, Muronidis S. Caries prevalence of 11.5 year-olds between 1989 and 2001 in a province of North-Eastern Greece. Community Dent Health. 2006; 23: 140-146.
[9] National Agency of Statistics and Demography. Economic and social situation of the Kaolack region in 2008. www.ansd.sn/publications/annuelles/SES_Region/SES_Kaolack_2008.pdf.
[10] WHO. Oral health survey: basic methods. 2013. [Internet]. [Cited 05/11/ 2014]. Available: http://www.icd.org/content/publications/WHO-Oral-Health-Surveys-Basic-Methods-5th-Edition-2013.pdf.
[11] Lutz W. Surveys of community health: how to form samples of individuals, households, zones, for the study of the community's health problems. National School of Public Health. Rennes, France, 1986.
[12] Ndiaye KR. Study of endemic fluorosis and its impact on the oral health of children. Survey conducted in schools in the municipality of Gandiaye. Thèse: chir. Dent. Dakar 2004.
[13] Lo CM, Faye D, Gaye F, Cisse D, Yam AA. Tooth decay study in public primary schools under the Health Centre Nabil Choucair Dakar Senegal. Odontostomatol Trop 2001; 96: 10-12.
[14] Mbengue AW. Assessing the state of oral health of schoolchildren 6 to 12 years of Tivaouane department for a prevention project. Thèse: chir. Dent. Dakar 2003; 15.
[15] INSERM, UFSBD. Epidemiology of oral diseases in children 6 years and 12 years in Corsica. 2006. http://aspbd.free.fr/spip.php?article160.
[16] Schulte AG, Momeni A, Pieper K. Caries prevalence in 12-year-old children from Germany. Results of the 2004 national survey. Community Dent Health 2006; 23 (4): 197-202.
[17] Pieper K, Lange J, Jablonski-Momeni A, Schulte AG. Caries prevalence in 12-year-old children from Germany: results of the 2009 national survey. Community Dent Health 2013; 30 (3): 138-42.
[18] Milciuviene S, Matulaitiene Z, Narbutaite J, Vaitkeviciene V, Bendoraitiene E, Timofejeva I. Dental caries prevalence among 12-15-year-olds in Lithuania between 1983 and 2005. Medicina (Kaunas). 2009; 45: 68-76.
[19] Ministère de l’éducation nationale du Sénégal. "Methodological Guide of the Master: Introduction to school skills related to water, hygiene and the environment." Ten year program of education and training: Elementary Education Sub-Sector. Dakar, 2006, 71p.
[20] Fall TM. Evaluation of oral health needs in children of primary school end of the town of Diourbel. Thèse Chir. Dent. Dakar 2003; 5. indexmedicus.afro.who.int/iah/fulltext/FALLTouty.pdf. Consulted the 22/10/15.
[21] Cisse D, Lo CMM, Faye D, Diouf M, Diongue K, Yam AA, Kane AW. Fluorosis and dental caries in schools in endemic fluorosis area. Rev Col Odonto-stomatol Afr Chir Maxillo-Fac 2010; 1: 5-10.
[22] Hichour M, Persin, F, Sandeaux J, Molénat J, Gavach C. Defluoridation water by Donnan dialysis and electrodialysis. Journal of Water Science 1999; 12 (4): 671-686.
[23] Franckel A. Seeking behavior in rural health care in Senegal. The case of febrile children in Niakhar. Sociology. Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00195109/document. Consulted the 23/10/15.
[24] Doumit M, Doughan B. The oral health of schoolchildren in Lebanon. Cahiers of studies and research Free / Health.2002; 12: 223-228
[25] Okeigbemen SA. The prevalence of dental caries among 12 to 15-year-old school children in Nigeria: report of a local survey and campaign. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2004; 2: 27-31.
[26] Diouf M, Cisse D, Faye A et al. Prevalence of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis and associated factors in Koranic boarding schools in Senegal. Community Dent Health 2011; 20: 1-4.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Daouda Cisse, Massamba Diouf, Cheikh M. Mbacké Lo, Marthe Diouf, Daouda Faye. (2016). Extent and Severity of Caries Among 12 year-old Students in an Endemic Fluorosis Area in Senegal. Science Journal of Public Health, 3(6), 883-887. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20150306.24

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Daouda Cisse; Massamba Diouf; Cheikh M. Mbacké Lo; Marthe Diouf; Daouda Faye. Extent and Severity of Caries Among 12 year-old Students in an Endemic Fluorosis Area in Senegal. Sci. J. Public Health 2016, 3(6), 883-887. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20150306.24

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Daouda Cisse, Massamba Diouf, Cheikh M. Mbacké Lo, Marthe Diouf, Daouda Faye. Extent and Severity of Caries Among 12 year-old Students in an Endemic Fluorosis Area in Senegal. Sci J Public Health. 2016;3(6):883-887. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20150306.24

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.sjph.20150306.24,
      author = {Daouda Cisse and Massamba Diouf and Cheikh M. Mbacké Lo and Marthe Diouf and Daouda Faye},
      title = {Extent and Severity of Caries Among 12 year-old Students in an Endemic Fluorosis Area in Senegal},
      journal = {Science Journal of Public Health},
      volume = {3},
      number = {6},
      pages = {883-887},
      doi = {10.11648/j.sjph.20150306.24},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20150306.24},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjph.20150306.24},
      abstract = {The aim of this study was to measure the extent and severity of caries among 12 year-old students in an endemic fluorosis area of Senegal. This was a descriptive and cross sectional study covering 253 elementary school students aged 12 years and attending public, confessional and Franco-Arab schools in the city of Kaolack (Senegal). These students were in grades 4 or 5 and obtained parental permission to participate in the survey. They were selected through a cluster sampling; twenty two clusters were drawn at random. The socio-demographic information, the caries prevalence, the DMFteeth (DMFt) index and the degree of fluorosis were collected. The data was analysed using Epi info with a significance level of 5%. Girls constituted 54.2% of the sample; students in public schools were 46.8% and those in confessional schools were 31.23%. The prevalence of dental caries was 28.1%; the DMFt mean was 0.52 (sd 0.41), while 90.5% of the school population were affected by fluorosis. The prevalence of caries was significantly higher in the Franco-Arab schools than in confessional and public schools with a p-value = 0.0105. The caries prevalence and the mean DMFt remain relatively low in an area where 9/10 of the school population were affected by fluorosis. Prevention programs based on inequalities related to the types of schools are an efficient strategy to fight dental caries in the city of Kaolack.},
     year = {2016}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Extent and Severity of Caries Among 12 year-old Students in an Endemic Fluorosis Area in Senegal
    AU  - Daouda Cisse
    AU  - Massamba Diouf
    AU  - Cheikh M. Mbacké Lo
    AU  - Marthe Diouf
    AU  - Daouda Faye
    Y1  - 2016/01/04
    PY  - 2016
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20150306.24
    DO  - 10.11648/j.sjph.20150306.24
    T2  - Science Journal of Public Health
    JF  - Science Journal of Public Health
    JO  - Science Journal of Public Health
    SP  - 883
    EP  - 887
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2328-7950
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20150306.24
    AB  - The aim of this study was to measure the extent and severity of caries among 12 year-old students in an endemic fluorosis area of Senegal. This was a descriptive and cross sectional study covering 253 elementary school students aged 12 years and attending public, confessional and Franco-Arab schools in the city of Kaolack (Senegal). These students were in grades 4 or 5 and obtained parental permission to participate in the survey. They were selected through a cluster sampling; twenty two clusters were drawn at random. The socio-demographic information, the caries prevalence, the DMFteeth (DMFt) index and the degree of fluorosis were collected. The data was analysed using Epi info with a significance level of 5%. Girls constituted 54.2% of the sample; students in public schools were 46.8% and those in confessional schools were 31.23%. The prevalence of dental caries was 28.1%; the DMFt mean was 0.52 (sd 0.41), while 90.5% of the school population were affected by fluorosis. The prevalence of caries was significantly higher in the Franco-Arab schools than in confessional and public schools with a p-value = 0.0105. The caries prevalence and the mean DMFt remain relatively low in an area where 9/10 of the school population were affected by fluorosis. Prevention programs based on inequalities related to the types of schools are an efficient strategy to fight dental caries in the city of Kaolack.
    VL  - 3
    IS  - 6
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Public Health Service, Department of Dentistry, University Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal

  • Public Health Service, Department of Dentistry, University Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal

  • Public Health Service, Department of Dentistry, University Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal

  • Free-lancer, Kaolack, Senegal

  • Public Health Service, Department of Dentistry, University Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal

  • Sections