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Anti-Bacterial Activities of Green Synthesized ZnO and CuO Nanoparticles from Leaf Extracts of Warburgia ugandensis

Received: 7 July 2023     Accepted: 22 July 2023     Published: 31 July 2023
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Abstract

This work reports for the first time the green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) using leaf extracts of Warburgia ugandensis as encapsulating, stabilizing, and reducing agent. The green method of synthesis proved easy and less costly. The methanolic extracts contained various secondary metabolites as analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The nanoparticles (NPs) were further characterized for the confirmation of their synthesis using various techniques. Ultra violet-Visible spectrometer (UV-vis) confirmed the successful synthesis of ZnO NPs and CuO NPs with a maximum peak at 367 nm and 307.5 nm, respectively. The X-ray diffractometer (XRD) results confirmed the formation of hexagonal wurtzite ZnO NPs and monoclinic structures of CuO NPs with an average size of 21.2 nm and 12.86 nm, respectively. In addition, the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis showed the presence of various functional groups responsible for the formation of the nanoparticles. The antibacterial activity of the formulated nanoparticles was also investigated against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacterial strains with ZOI (Zones of Inhibition) measured in mm. The green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles using Warburgia ugandensis leaf extracts significantly revealed higher anti-bacterial potentials against E. coli (9.6 ± 0.9 mm) compared to both CuO NPs and ampicillin. This shows that they can be applied in the field of medicine to develop antibacterial agents to treat various ailments.

Published in American Journal of Nano Research and Applications (Volume 11, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.nano.20231101.12
Page(s) 10-18
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Zinc Oxide, Nanoparticles, Copper Oxide, Warburgia ugandensis, Anti-Bacterial Activities, Green Synthesis

References
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    Lemeitaron Njenga, Kiplagat Ayabei, Teresa Akenga, Zipporah Onyambu, Jackson Kiptoo, et al. (2023). Anti-Bacterial Activities of Green Synthesized ZnO and CuO Nanoparticles from Leaf Extracts of Warburgia ugandensis. American Journal of Nano Research and Applications, 11(1), 10-18. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.nano.20231101.12

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    ACS Style

    Lemeitaron Njenga; Kiplagat Ayabei; Teresa Akenga; Zipporah Onyambu; Jackson Kiptoo, et al. Anti-Bacterial Activities of Green Synthesized ZnO and CuO Nanoparticles from Leaf Extracts of Warburgia ugandensis. Am. J. Nano Res. Appl. 2023, 11(1), 10-18. doi: 10.11648/j.nano.20231101.12

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    AMA Style

    Lemeitaron Njenga, Kiplagat Ayabei, Teresa Akenga, Zipporah Onyambu, Jackson Kiptoo, et al. Anti-Bacterial Activities of Green Synthesized ZnO and CuO Nanoparticles from Leaf Extracts of Warburgia ugandensis. Am J Nano Res Appl. 2023;11(1):10-18. doi: 10.11648/j.nano.20231101.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.nano.20231101.12,
      author = {Lemeitaron Njenga and Kiplagat Ayabei and Teresa Akenga and Zipporah Onyambu and Jackson Kiptoo and Martin Onani},
      title = {Anti-Bacterial Activities of Green Synthesized ZnO and CuO Nanoparticles from Leaf Extracts of Warburgia ugandensis},
      journal = {American Journal of Nano Research and Applications},
      volume = {11},
      number = {1},
      pages = {10-18},
      doi = {10.11648/j.nano.20231101.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.nano.20231101.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.nano.20231101.12},
      abstract = {This work reports for the first time the green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) using leaf extracts of Warburgia ugandensis as encapsulating, stabilizing, and reducing agent. The green method of synthesis proved easy and less costly. The methanolic extracts contained various secondary metabolites as analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The nanoparticles (NPs) were further characterized for the confirmation of their synthesis using various techniques. Ultra violet-Visible spectrometer (UV-vis) confirmed the successful synthesis of ZnO NPs and CuO NPs with a maximum peak at 367 nm and 307.5 nm, respectively. The X-ray diffractometer (XRD) results confirmed the formation of hexagonal wurtzite ZnO NPs and monoclinic structures of CuO NPs with an average size of 21.2 nm and 12.86 nm, respectively. In addition, the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis showed the presence of various functional groups responsible for the formation of the nanoparticles. The antibacterial activity of the formulated nanoparticles was also investigated against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacterial strains with ZOI (Zones of Inhibition) measured in mm. The green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles using Warburgia ugandensis leaf extracts significantly revealed higher anti-bacterial potentials against E. coli (9.6 ± 0.9 mm) compared to both CuO NPs and ampicillin. This shows that they can be applied in the field of medicine to develop antibacterial agents to treat various ailments.},
     year = {2023}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Anti-Bacterial Activities of Green Synthesized ZnO and CuO Nanoparticles from Leaf Extracts of Warburgia ugandensis
    AU  - Lemeitaron Njenga
    AU  - Kiplagat Ayabei
    AU  - Teresa Akenga
    AU  - Zipporah Onyambu
    AU  - Jackson Kiptoo
    AU  - Martin Onani
    Y1  - 2023/07/31
    PY  - 2023
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.nano.20231101.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.nano.20231101.12
    T2  - American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
    JF  - American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
    JO  - American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
    SP  - 10
    EP  - 18
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2575-3738
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.nano.20231101.12
    AB  - This work reports for the first time the green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) using leaf extracts of Warburgia ugandensis as encapsulating, stabilizing, and reducing agent. The green method of synthesis proved easy and less costly. The methanolic extracts contained various secondary metabolites as analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The nanoparticles (NPs) were further characterized for the confirmation of their synthesis using various techniques. Ultra violet-Visible spectrometer (UV-vis) confirmed the successful synthesis of ZnO NPs and CuO NPs with a maximum peak at 367 nm and 307.5 nm, respectively. The X-ray diffractometer (XRD) results confirmed the formation of hexagonal wurtzite ZnO NPs and monoclinic structures of CuO NPs with an average size of 21.2 nm and 12.86 nm, respectively. In addition, the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis showed the presence of various functional groups responsible for the formation of the nanoparticles. The antibacterial activity of the formulated nanoparticles was also investigated against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacterial strains with ZOI (Zones of Inhibition) measured in mm. The green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles using Warburgia ugandensis leaf extracts significantly revealed higher anti-bacterial potentials against E. coli (9.6 ± 0.9 mm) compared to both CuO NPs and ampicillin. This shows that they can be applied in the field of medicine to develop antibacterial agents to treat various ailments.
    VL  - 11
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya

  • Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya

  • Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya

  • Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya

  • Department of Chemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya

  • Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa

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